This papal bull issued by Pope Sixtus V documents positive social progress between the Papal States and Italian Jewish communities in the 16th century. Sixtus V granted Jews full civic rights in this bull and empowered them to establish schools and build synagogues. The pope also reduced their taxes and pardoned various crimes. Considering the harsh treatment of Jews by numerous Renaissance popes, this bull represents a positive act in papal history. Pope Sixtus V even included sections in Italian—a more widely read language than Latin—to promote greater access to the bull’s information.